2010-07-12 [11:21:13]
Question: WHAT KIND OF TESTS MUST I TAKE TO CONTINUE MY LAW STUDIES AT ONE OF YOUR UNIVERSITIES?
Answer: We also recommend that you contact an EducationUSA advising center in your area for more personalized help and detailed information on studying in the U.S. To find an EducationUSA Advising Center in your country please go to: www.educationusa.info/centers.php.
Also please search our EducationUSA website which contains comprehensive useful information on study in the U.S.: www.educationusa.info.
Law
The legal system in the United States, on the federal level and in almost all states, is based on the British system of common law. One state, Louisiana, has a system
modeled on the French legal code.
First Professional Degree
The U.S. first professional degree, the juris doctor (J.D.), provides an education strongly focused on preparation for U.S. practice, with little opportunity for comparative or
specialty study. For this reason, and because preparation in U.S. law will not easily transfer toward practice in other countries, the J.D. is usually inappropriate for foreign
nationals. Although law schools offer individual courses that emphasize particular subject areas such as environmental law or taxation, there are no J.D. programs
concentrating on any single specialty. J.D. degree programs involve three years of study, and are entered following four years of undergraduate study in any major. Competition for admission is intense for both U.S. and international students. Requirements generally
include fluency in English, an excellent undergraduate academic record, and a satisfactory score on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). (See http://www.lsac.org for LSAT registration information.)
To practice in the United States, graduates must also pass the bar examination and other requirements of the state where they wish to work.
Graduate Legal Education
The master of comparative law (M.C.L.), also known as the master of comparative jurisprudence (M.C.J.), is a particularly appropriate degree program for international
lawyers. Recognizing that legal systems in many countries differ from common law as practiced in the United States; these programs acquaint lawyers from other
countries with U.S. legal institutions and relevant specialties of U.S. law. Another graduate option is the master of laws (L.L.M.), a degree offered in a variety of
specialties or as a self-designed program, with appropriateness for the international practitioner varying from program to program. Programs in international law or
international business law may also be of interest. Almost all master’s programs in law last one year and admit students only for the fall semester. Programs can be planned according to the interests of the student. During study, international lawyers have the opportunity to observe courts and government agencies in the United States. Entrance requirements include a first degree in law, a strong academic background, and letters of
Reference, a statement of purpose and/or writing samples, and a high level of English proficiency as demonstrated by the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) for students whose law degree was not in the English language. Most graduate law programs do not require standardized admissions tests. Doctoral programs in law also exist. They admit only a small number of promising applicants, usually from among those who have completed a master’s program at a U.S. law school and who plan to enter a career as a
law school faculty member. Financial assistance may be more readily available to law students intending to continue towards a doctoral degree than to those seeking only a one-year master’s program.
Short-term Legal Education
Many U.S. law schools offer programs, particularly in the summer, either designed for or appropriate for international lawyers. These usually last between one week and
two months. Professional associations and private training organizations offer similar programs. Your nearest U.S. educational information or advising center may be able to provide information on other options, such as tours to visit U.S. legal institutions.
✏ U.S. first professional degree programs in law (J.D.) are generally not appropriate for individuals planning to practice law outside the United States. However, a variety of other degree and short-term options specifically designed for international students exist at the graduate level.
Useful Web Sites
Law
American Bar Association
http://www.abanet.org
Association of American Law Schools
http://www.aals.org
Law School Admission Council
http://www.lsac.org
National Conference of Bar Examiners
http://www.ncbex.org
The above information was taken from the free down load: S P E C I A L I Z E D
P R O F E S S I O N A L S T U D Y - C H A P T E R 9
IF YOU WANT TO STUDY IN THE UNITED STATES – GRADUATE STUDY
How to apply to US Graduate Schools
U.S. Graduate Schools are all independent, and each sets its own requirements for admission. Within each school individual programs may often have different requirements. These guidelines are written to assist you in your search for graduate education. It is advisable to start this process approximately one to one-and-a-half year(s) before you hope to begin studies.
In the U.S. The American academic year begins late August or early September, and students should generally request admission for this (autumn or fall) term.
Obtain information about institutions which offer the program you want to pursue. Use reference guides, such as Peterson's Guide and the Directory of Graduate Programs, to locate specific institutions which offer the program at the degree level (Master's or Doctorate) you are seeking.
Write directly to the Graduate Admissions Offices of the institutions to obtain information and applications. Indicate the major academic area of interest to you.
Write to the academic department of the university.Carefully print your name and address on all such inquiries. Stress field of specialization, professional background, reasons for choosing particular faculty and ask for information on financial aid possibilities. You do not need the name of the department chairman or a professor to obtain an application. Advise each office that you have contacted the other.
Read thoroughly all materials received to determine whether the program you want is offered; whether you appear to meet the minimum academic requirement; if you require financial assistance, whether it is available for your proposed programs; and whether you can meet the application deadlines.
Apply to more than one institution. U.S. institutions receive many applications and often cannot accommodate all qualified applicants. You may decide which institution to attend after you have received your admission offers.
Complete the admission application carefully and legibly. Always give your name in exactly the same way on the application and in all correspondence. If some of your records are under a different name, be sure you indicate that on the application. Com plete all items on the application and submit all items requested.
If an application fee is required, submit the appropriate amount in U.S. currency with your application. Most institutions will not process your application without the fee.
Request official academic records both in the native language and in English translation. Official documents must bear the seal of the school and authorized signature. Photocopies are not usually acceptable unless they are officially attested as exact copies of the original. Records should be submitted for all post-secondary schools attended and should provide a list of courses taken, yearly examination results, and conferral of degrees.
If your native language is not English, register as early as possible for an English proficiency exam such as TOEFL or IELTS and request that testing service forward your scores to the institutions to which you are applying.
Register for the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT), or other tests if required by the program/institution to which you are applying.
Request letters of recommendation as required by the program/institution. These letters should generally be written by professors with whom you have studied.
Submit verification of scholarship or other financial support.
Note the deadlines for application given in the institutional information you receive. Different institutions/programs have different deadlines. Allow time for mail delays, application consideration, and for obtaining passport and visa when you are ad mitted. Apply early. Stated application deadlines are generally the final date for receipt of applications and all supporting credentials. Additional time is required to process applications from international students.
Allow 6-8 weeks after your application is submitted to an institution to receive their admission decision. Many schools and departments, however, send admission offers only in March and April. It is courteous to notify an institution if you will not be accepting their offer of admission.
Send all requests, applications, and credentials airmail.
Remember: A Certificate of Eligibility (I-20 or IAP-66) cannot be issued until you have been admitted, your level of English proficiency has been determined (and additional training arranged if necessary) and your funding has been established as a sufficient amount to meet the institution's expenses. A Certificate of Eligibility is valid only for study in the institution which issued it - and only for the dates of the course of study.
2010-06-23 [15:41:49]
Question: Please tell me what tests I need to evaluate my license in
dentistry to American standards,and what to do to continue my postgraduate studies in USA. I have a multiple entry visa and valid for two years. I am 39 years old and practicing in my own clinic in my town in Syria.
Answer: Step-By-Step To U.S. Licensure For International Dental Graduates
Each state has its own requirements and application process. State licensure requirements are subject to change. It is very important to know the requirements in the state where you wish to become licensed prior to applying to an educational program to make sure it will meet the educational requirement. Likewise, it is important to verify which clinical licensing examinations are accepted by the state board before taking an exam. Contact the state boards of dentistry directly for this information. For contact information for the state boards of dentistry go to www.aadexam.org. Select “State Boards” and then “Administrators.” Some state board websites have online licensure applications.
Following is a brief summary of the steps involved for internationally-trained dentists to become licensed.
1. Determine the state(s) where you wish to obtain a license and contact the state board(s) of dentistry to obtain specific licensure requirements and a sample application.
2. Take the National Board Dental Examinations (NBDE) Part I administered by the ADA Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations (JCNDE). The National Board Part I examination is a requirement for licensure, but it is also required for acceptance into an advanced standing/supplemental program. Some programs may also require Part II. As part of the application process for the NBDE, you will be required to have your credentials evaluated by the Educational Credentials Evaluators, Inc. (ECE) to determine your eligibility for the examinations. Contact the ECE (1-414-289-3400; www.ece.org) or the ADA (www.ada.org/prof/ed/testing/index.asp; 1-800-232-1694) for more information.
3. Apply to an accredited dental education program with advanced standing to earn a DDS or DMD degree, or to a supplemental or qualifying program that grants a certificate. Some schools offer an International Dentist Program (IDP), which is a separate program and different than advanced standing. Most IDPs also grant a DDS or DMD, but a few offer a certificate of completion, which may not be recognized by all licensing jurisdictions for the purposes of licensure.
4. Following the completion of the educational program, take the National Board Dental Examination Part II.
5. Take the appropriate clinical licensing examination administered by a state or regional clinical testing agency. Or, in New York licensure applicants must also complete a CODA-accredited postgraduate program that is at least one year in length; New York does not have a clinical examination requirement.
6. Request an application from the state board of dentistry where you wish to become licensed. Carefully review the application and identify and complete any additional requirements, such as completion of a course or test on local jurisprudence.
7. Apply for a license.